Can I go to jail if I do not pay my debts?

No! There are no "debtors’ prisons" in the United States. Owing money is not a crime.

But, if you violate a court order you can go to jail. For example,

• a judge can put you in jail if the judge ordered you to make child support payments and you do not make them.  
• If you are summoned to court and you do not go, the judge can order that you go to jail.